The following courses are offered by the Board of Teachers, jointly by the Doctorate School in Biologic, Drug and Food Sciences (which includes the Ph.D. Courses in Drug Sciences, in Food Sciences, in Biotechnologies an Biosciences and in Evolutive Biology and Ecology) or by other Organizations at the University of Parma. They are activated every year, unless differently indicated in the Course description leaflet linked below.Specific courses offered by the Board of Teachers:TitleECTSTeachersPeptidomimetic syntheses and bioconjugation strategies serving the drug sciences2Lucia BattistiniProtein therapeutics: production, chemical modification and evaluation of their functional properties1Stefano BettatiStefano BrunoLuca RondaEnzymes in Drug Discovery1Barbara CampaniniPharmacokinetic optimization in drug research: physico-chemical and in vitro ADME properties1Federica VacondioAlternative Methods in drug testing1Simona BertoniMultivariate Analysis With R 2 Laura ScalviniMicrobiome research and drug-microbiota interactions 1 Leonardo MancabelliInter-disciplinary courses offered by the Board of Teachers:TitleECTSTeachersIntroduction to Scientific Communication2Ruggero BettiniAlessio LodolaPatent (IP Rights) vs Scientific Publication (Free Divulgation):Analogies, Differences, Opportunities and Risks1Livia VillaPreclinical research: from science to legislation2Ilaria ZanottiPractical biostatistics1MassimilianoTognolini Other courses will be offered within the PhD School in Biological, Drug and Food Sciences.