The following courses are offered by the Board of Teachers, jointly by the Doctorate School in Biologic, Drug and Food Sciences (which includes the Ph.D. Courses in Drug Sciences, in Food Sciences, in Biotechnologies an Biosciences and in Evolutive Biology and Ecology) or by other Organizations at the University of Parma. They are activated every year, unless differently indicated in the Course description leaflet linked below.Specific courses offered by the Board of Teachers: titleectssemteachersBioactive peptides and peptidomimetics 1 1Lucia BattistiniProtein therapeutics: production, chemical modification and evaluation of their functional properties 1 1Stefano Bruno, Stefano Bettati, Luca RondaEnzymes in Drug Discovery 1 2Barbara CampaniniPharmacokinetic optimization in drug research: physico-chemical and in vitro ADME properties 1 1Federica VacondioAlternative Methods in drug testing 1 1Simona BertoniMicrobiome research and drug-microbiota interactions 1 Leonardo MancabelliDetermination of protein structure 1 2Serena FaggianoPivotal role of imaging technologies in drug discovery and development 1 1Franco Fabio StellariCryo-electron Microscopy of Biological Macromolecules 3 2Ben LuisiPreclinical animal models for drug development in human diseases 1 1Carmine Giorgio Inter-disciplinary courses offered by the Board of Teachers:titleectssemteachersIntroduction to Scientific Communication 2 1Ruggero Bettini - Alessio LodolaPatent (IP Rights) vs Scientific Publication (Free Divulgation): Analogies, Differences, Opportunities and Risks 1 2Livia VillaPreclinical research: from science to legislation 2 2Ilaria ZanottiPractical biostatistics 1 1Massimiliano TognoliniReserch Integrity and Open Science 2 1Silvia PescinaMultivariate Analysis With R 2 1Laura ScalviniSalute e sicurezza: Dottorandi nei Laboratori Chimici di Ricerca 1Lucia Silvotti - Arturo ArduiniOther courses will be offered within the PhD School in Biological, Drug and Food Sciences.